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1987-03-02
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Introduction to GL general ledger version 1.12
by
David C. Oshel
1219 Harding Avenue
Ames, Iowa 50010
In the immortal words of Captain James T. Kirk, "We grow weary of your
foolishness." What the PC world mostly needs now is a good, low-end General
Ledger program in the public domain. One that can knock the $100 pretenders
(and ALL other shareware gl's) out of the running. Well...
This is GL, sometimes pronounced "Jill", a general ledger program and just
what the doctor ordered. GL is nice!
I wrote this program. I'm not a CPA, but I am a fairly ok programmer -- and I
keep my own books with these routines. I wrote GL in Microsoft C v4.00. The
source code is available for $7.50 per line whether code or comments. You
can't afford it.
HOWEVER, THE EXECUTABLE FORM OF THE PROGRAM, AND ALL ITS FUTURE INCARNATIONS,
IS HEREBY PLACED IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN FOREVER.
*** LEGAL STUFF ***
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Great Patham, do I hate disclaimers! This program is nothing more than the GL
it purports to be. It is complete and requires nothing else to run. It does
nothing but keep your books. I am not an accountant, and nothing in this
program or its documentation should be regarded as fiduciary advice or counsel.
Decide for yourself whether my program is any good, BEFORE you pay for it! If
you LIKE what you see here, if you USE this program, then you OWE it to your
conscience to pay me what the program is worth. This kind of General Ledger
was a LONG time in coming ... PAY UP, and let's keep it around!
You MAY, and you should, give this program away to your friends. My plea for
money applies to them too! In fact, may the Great Hooha of Parsimony lay an
egg in your back yard if you DON'T pay up and DON'T pass this program around!
But please, please, please -- distribute the WHOLE program, and ALL of its
documentation, UNCHANGED. Don't add to it. Don't subtract from it.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
System Requirements:
GL requires some variety of IBM personal computer or a perfect clone -- this
does NOT include the IBM PC Jr, or those clones which don't have a standard
IBM video memory map or don't support IBM ROM-BIOS or at least Phoenix ROM.
You should have at least 512k of memory, a 20 meg hard disk, and a
"backspacing standard printer" such as an IBM Graphics Printer, Epson RX-80,
Panasonic KX-P1091 or similar ilk. The printer must respond to ASCII
backspace (Ctrl-H), formfeed (Ctrl-L) and CANCEL (Ctrl-X) characters -- as do
all of the printers mentioned. The printer should have either wide carriage
or a command to set COMPRESSED text. You may specify printer setup commands
for wide- versus narrow-page printouts. GL does not directly support single-
sheet feed printers, and assumes continuous forms.
I hope you're getting the idea -- this GL program isn't kidding!
**
GL has two strong visual metaphors for data entry:
* The General Journal display suggests actual T-Accounts.
* The Check Register and Deposit Slip routines look like
what they are.
GL prints out these basic financial reports:
* Complete General Journal audit trail
* Trial balance
* Detail general ledger
* Statement of account (with dun message for accts 120 to 129 999)
* Consolidated balance sheet
* Statement of revenue & expense
* GL does NOT report Cash Flow, but DOES keep data on prior
Retained Earnings (see Query Account)
GL has a powerful Chart of Accounts, all things considered:
* Number of accounts limited by memory (over 1000 in 512k)
* Master and subaccounts, as well as regular accounts
* Nine FULLY OPERATIONAL levels of Break Total
* On-line Chart inspection when requested during data entry
* Standard 3-digit account codes (optionally 6 digits)
* Account number ranges are pre-defined:
100 ASSET
200 LIABILITY
300 EQUITY
399 Retained Earnings (pre-defined, undeletable)
400 REVENUE
500 to 999 999 are EXPENSE accounts.
As in several pricey GL's on the market, the Chart "doubles" as instructions
to the Balance Sheet report writer: You specify left, middle or right columns
in which to print the account balance, and you may include on-the-fly totals
and subtotals specified by non-posting "Break Total accounts". Header and
total accounts are printed in doublestrike mode for visual emphasis on the
page, regardless of their user-assigned columns.
You will find MS-DOS general ledger packages for $100 on the market, in which
the Break Total levels do not work as advertised. Mine do, and always have!
GL supports Periodic Close the old-fashioned way, by posting closing entries
to a General Journal which is NOT erased. Year End, on the other hand, erases
the old ledger files and posts account balances forward to a new, blank
ledger -- if you decide to use it!
**
All data enters the General Ledger through the General Journal. That means,
General Journal RULES FOR DOUBLE-ENTRY BOOKKEEPING are strictly enforced.
However, you can use the Check Register function to record your checks in a
more familiar style. The Check Register routine then formats a proper Journal
entry for you -- automatically!
The General Journal model followed here is very simple. GL provides a visual
metaphor of the Journal page, complete with columns. There are also visual
cues which signal the ACCOUNT TYPE (asset, equity, etc.), and which column to
use to increase or decrease the account balance! This level of gratuitious
hand-holding is unprecedented.
The General Journal rules most likely to bother beginning bookkeepers are
these:
a) Transactions MUST balance when they are entered.
b) The DEBIT (left) column must be entered first.
c) There is NO WAY to modify an account's balance, except
by making a complete double-sided Journal entry.
d) No single account number may appear twice in a transaction.
Rule b) especially means you must think the transaction through before
entering it -- or else use the Check Register! The Check Register does not
enforce rules b) or d) for Journal entry, since it works under a more
lenient set of assumptions (since more is known about what you intend).
If there is any obvious advantage to this scheme of things, it is that the
General Journal provides an absolutely dead accurate and complete audit trail.
Trial Balance is almost a waste of time since your books are INVARIABLY pre-
balanced.
The number of distributions you can make in one transaction is also limited by
available memory, and not by the program itself. A couple hundred
distributions is unreal, maybe, but it's not a problem, either! The Year End
routine takes advantage of this feature.
Obviously, the General Journal part of this GL was written for novices, and
for professionals who actually LIKE to think in terms of T-Accounts. Well, you
can't have everything! That's a joke, of course. Don't be mislead -- lack of
rigor in the General Journal is the most frequent complaint that CPA's lodge
against commercial accounting software. GL does NOT suffer that way.
There are a lot of $600 bells-and-whistles that AREN'T here, naturally, but...
Look around! You might find more than you expected. I use this program to
manage 4 credit cards, a checking account, and about a dozen each of Accounts
Receivable and Accounts Payable. Data entry sometimes requires thought. But
the reports are nice, and I know where I am financially for the first time
ever.